Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Tinter Abbey Essay Example For Students

Tinter Abbey Essay Examination of Tintern AbbeyWhereas most people will in general consider nature to be a playhouse that ought to adjust and fall to pieces to all their needs, William Wordsworth had a totally different view. Wordsworth saw nature as an asylum where his perspectives on life, love, and his maker were in the long run adjusted until the end of time. The force of Wordsworths enthusiasm for nature raised him from a kid into the moving man and artist in which he is perceived to be today. One of the most convincing works Wordsworth at any point conceived was that of Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey. The sonnet edifies the peruser on the marvelous force and profundity of nature, which Wordsworth has found in his hardships upon the earth. Accordingly, to full comprehend the noteworthiness of nature in all lives told through Lines Composed A couple of Miles Above Tintern Abbey one must comprehend the setting and state of mind, just as understand the rhyme plan, and utilization of n umerous assorted lovely gadgets that connect inside the sonnet the sonnet. We will compose a custom article on Tinter Abbey explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now One can pick up knowledge into Lines Composed a Few Lines Above Tintern Abbey by first attempting to comprehend the mind-set and setting of the sonnet. Despite the fact that it is a small of the long sonnet Wordsworth never fully composed (Robyn Young p.409) it needed nothing to the extent profundity and force goes. Wordsworth was extremely talented in such regions, in spite of the fact that his composing might be come exceptionally complex it is said that it was an aftereffect of the unconstrained flood of feeling (Gale Net). Wordsworth composed this sonnet, as refered to by Wordsworth with no piece of it was recorded till I arrived at Bristol (F.W. Bateson p.191). Wordsworth was a firm adherent that man should locate an inborn power that joins them with their physical and otherworldly situations (Jan Shoemaker p.1). As Wordsworth returns to this adored spot of his (Tintern Abbey) he is helped to remember how he once saw this asylum. Wordsworth endeavors to look into two universes, Brian Barbour states Wordsworths essential technique is to speak to the otherworldly while remaining completely inside the normal order(Barbour p.154). At the point when he was a small kid he resulted in these present circumstances valley utilizing it as his very own play area. He never gave nature the regard and acclaim that it so merited. He just observed nature through a youthful childs eyes; he saw a tree in which to climb, grass in which was basically to skip in. The bluffs, springs, and the sky were only there for his pleasure; never did Wordsworth start to perceive the truth about nature. Wordsworth developed and changed significantly developing profoundly, intellectually and truly. In his developing he started to see a greater amount of what nature truly brought to the table him. During his last visit before he would leave for five long years, Wordsworth acknowledged natures genuine excellence and regarded and adulated it. He had at long last understood that one could just d iscover God in his most flawless structure in his own absolute best creation Nature. Harold Bloom expresses The obvious assemblage of Nature is all the more then an external declaration of the Spirit of God to him; it is our best way to God (Modern p.4). He had discovered that nature was the genuine haven for God, not some man made church, the ruler didnt expect us to revere him in a man made structure, which ruined his manifestations where he stayed. Wordsworth understood that his individual man has wandered from God by becoming involved with all the material things in which our general public gives us and this profoundly disheartened him. Brian Barbour advises us that the human psyche was building a world in which the human soul couldn't live (Brian Barbour p.154). Wordsworth presently understood that this spot has from multiple points of view kept him in contact with his maker and with his internal identity. When that Wordsworth comes back from this excursion he goes to his place of asylum to find that he by and by observes it in an entire alternate point of view. At the point when he is upon his valley he is over whelmed with appreciation. He is it might be said in amazement and as Stephen Gill states he is absolutely inebriated with nature (Stephen Gill P. 10). He understands that what was once thought his play area is really the play area of God. He feels embarrassed that he could at one time not understood what natures genuine intention is. He presently realizes that nature isn't something that ought not be demolished and supplanted with houses, lanes, and structures, but instead something that ought to be incredibly appreciated and regarded for all its excellence. In the past he saw nature with simply the unaided eye yet now he sees nature with every one of his faculties so he can get a handle on its actual magnificence. This spot not just changed the manner in which he lived and saw his life, yet it likewise changed his methods of composing. When he c ould get a handle on the genuine excellence of nature he had the option to relate his life, love, and his encompassing by and large to it. In this manner, the state of mind was one of the fundamental main impetuses of the sonnet. The sonnet was composed with an exceptionally spellbinding and powerful layout of the setting, which added to the force of the sonnet. Harold Bloom states in spite of the fact that it is composed as the present Tintern Abbey, as a sonnet, closes with so vehement an accentuation upon memory (Modern p.132). The setting is for the most part discussed in the primary passage, Brain Barbour states section one presents the universe of nature (Brian Barbour p.152). Barbour likewise sell the peruser that Wordsworth accepts the premise of locale in at last in himself (Barbour p.161). In the principal section Geoffery H. Hartman states that Wordsworth learns about the drawn words express a brain that remaining parts in to some degree a miserable perplexity, a psyche that attempts to situate in time what is lost (Geoffrey H. Hartman p.29). The setting of the sonnet is in the Wye Valley with a perspective on the congregation of Tintern Abbey out yonder. He had a spot situated under a tree where h e would come to more than once to sit and think about his life. These environmental factors handily overwhelmed Wordsworth and seemed well and good alcoholic on nature. The Wye Valley is supposed to be a position of extraordinary magnificence in which one could undoubtedly start to examine themselves regarding what they know and comprehend about the magnificent quietness and serenity of nature. Albeit one may want to promptly portray the environmental factors of the Wye Valley, Wordsworth keeps the setting especially summed up. Wordsworth basically gave the undeniable qualities of the valley insufficient to catch its genuine physical magnificence. One can get from the sonnet that it was composed or talks about a period throughout the spring months. Unripe foods grown from the ground hedgerows (Tintern Abbey lines 15) show that this happens during a period where natural products are simply starting their development. Wordsworth likewise discusses plots of bungalow ground (Tintern Abb ey line 11), in, which he alludes to fields in which ones plants. Plantations in which life has recently started to spring from were available in the valley, which additionally demonstrates new development. The entirety of this to Wordsworth is a token of the restoration and change that encompasses him consistently, and motivates him to cheer in the way that he also has recharged his life, love, and convictions alongside the rebirthing patterns of nature. The landscape surrounding him is new and green; everything is beginning once again, brimming with life and the expectation to develop. Wordsworth perceived this and the way that he also has change from his last visit, and this fills him with motivation to learn and cherish more. In synopsis Wordsworth utilize the setting in such a manner to paint a clear picture in the perusers mind.Wordsworth utilized a sort on rhyme conspire that is absent in numerous sonnets of his time however the do not have a prevalence of the organization do esn't influence the grandness of the sonnet. Lines created a couple of miles above Tintern Abbey was written in clear stanza, which comprises of unrhymed measured rhyming. Clear stanza emulates the rhythms of normal speech(Gale Net). Each line is made out of five iambs, which are units comprising of an unstressed syllable followed by a focused on syllable. Measured rhyming is typically rhymed however Wordsworth compensated for his need rhyming with his incredible utilization of different wonderful gadgets. Wordsworth utilized the expression, and the (Gale Net), a few times all through the sonnet, the recitation of the expression is proposed to deliver a sleep inducing impact. (Hurricane Net p.2). Regardless of whether Wordsworth needed his peruser to as it were feel the incredible mesmerizing capacities of nature or whether he needed his peruser to feel just as he did, absolutely inebriated naturally (Stephen Gill p.10). Wordworths use of mantra isn't truly perceptible except if one truly comprehends the focuses that he is attempting to make. There are additionally a few cases wherein Wordsworth utilizes similar sounding word usage in the sonnet. Similar sounding word usage is the redundancy of a similar steady sounds or diverse vowel sounds toward the start of words or in the focused on syllables. Brian Barbour states that stanza passages one and two are every free, yet they gloss over each other as proclamation and reaction (Brain Barbour p.152). Barbour additionally advises the peruser that the fourth section passage will be to guard what has been characterized and tested, and section five will announce that there is a social measurement to all he has introduced (Brain Barbour p. 153). In the main passage which comprises of lines 1 through 22, the prevail sound that one will in general hear while perusing is the s sound. This in a manner gives the peruser the feeling of being upon the slope with the spinning winds and the inaccessible thunder of the sea alo ngside the Wye River. Sent up, peacefully, from among the trees With some questionable notification, as might appear of transient occupants in the houseless woods, Or of certain Hermits cavern, where by his fire the Hermit sits alone. (Tintern Abbey lines l9-22). In the second section alongside the dominating s sound Wordsworth utilizes the w in a little part to some degree improve the impact of the breeze. The third section, which comprises of lines 50 through 57 the predominan

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Domestication of Horses

The Domestication of Horses Training is the procedure by which people take wild species and adjust them to reproducing and making due in imprisonment. As a rule, tamed creatures fill some need for people (food source, work, friendship). The procedure of taming brings about physiological and hereditary changes in the life forms over ages. Taming varies from subduing in that restrained creatures are conceived in the wild while tamed creatures are reared in bondage. When Where Were Horses Domesticated? The historical backdrop of ponies in human culture can be followed back similarly as 30,000 BC when ponies were portrayed in Paleolithic cavern canvases. The ponies in the artistic creations looked like wild creatures and it is imagined that genuine training of ponies didn't happen for a huge number of years to come. It is imagined that the ponies delineated in the Paleolithic cavern artistic creations were pursued for their meat by people. There are a few hypotheses with regards to when and where taming of the pony happened. A few speculations gauge that taming happened at around 2000 BC while different hypotheses place training as ahead of schedule as 4500 BC. Proof from mitochondrial DNA considers recommends that the taming of ponies happened in numerous areas and at different occasions. It is by and large idea that Central Asia is among the destinations that taming happened, with locales in Ukraine and Kazakhstan giving archeological proof. What Role Did the First Domesticated Horses Play? From the beginning of time, ponies have been utilized for riding and for pulling carriages, chariots, furrows, and trucks. They assumed a huge job in fighting via conveying troopers into fight. Since the primary tamed ponies are thought to have been very little, almost certainly, they were utilized to pull trucks than for riding.

Monday, August 17, 2020

5th of November, Remembered

5th of November, Remembered Just finished reading Pauls entry about the Guy Fawkes hacks at MIT and feel obligated to write about 5th of November/Guy Fawkes/Bonfire Night over here at the other Cambridge. I actually saw V for Vendetta without knowing about Bonfire Night. Not very meaningful this way at all. But I found out all about Guy Fawkes and Bonfire Night during my Chinese class last week (in Chinese, of course). I didnt see any masks over here but there there is an annual carnival+fireworks+bonfire event that I felt compelled to go. So after eating dinner at my college, I headed over to Midsummer Commons along with a sea of people. I was worried that I wont know how to get there but no worries because everyone else was going! The streets were so packed with people that cars and bikes had a lot of trouble getting through. It really looked like the whole town showed up for these fireworks. The fireworks themselves lasted for about 20 minutes and were pretty cool. Cant be compared to fireworks during New Years but it was cool nevertheless. Here are some pictures courtesy of a couple of other MIT students, Maria and Xin: People and more people Explosions, yay! And the bonfire, of course. Tea, coffee, and chips Besides these fireworks, there have been various smaller fireworks going off all night long. You can buy fireworks at the local grocery store! Some colleges held their own fireworks last week.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Impact Of The Enlightenment On Modern Political Thought

David Wolkoff English 9CP/Western Civ. Mrs. Orens/Mr. Reiss April 1, 2016 The Impact of the Enlightenment on Modern Political Thought The philosopher John Locke once said, â€Å"[g]overnment has no other end, but the preservation of property† (â€Å"John Locke†). The social contract is the fundamental basis for modern government. This idea affects everything we believe a modern state should represent for itself and its people. This way of understanding the role of government was inspired by the writings of the Enlightenment era philosophers. This way of understanding the role of the state and its people is significantly different from what was believed in ancient Athens and Rome. The Enlightenment era philosophers did more than just think of new ideas of government; their works not only inspired changes during the 18th century, but also continued to shape modern governments. While it is true that certain forms of democracy evolved in ancient Athens and Rome, modern governments differ significantly from these ancient societies. In some cases, the very words put forth by the philosophers were written directly into the constitutions of countries practicing these new ideas. Without the contributions of John Locke and other enlightenment philosophers, democracy and government as we know it today would not exist. The shape of modern government in America and Europe today comes from many different ideas that existed before the Enlightenment even began. Concepts in ancient Greece areShow MoreRelatedThe Enlightenment Puritanism Essay807 Words   |  4 Pages The Enlightenment period, also known as The Age of Reason, was a period of social, religious, and political revolution throughout the 18th century which changed the thoughts of man during this â€Å"awakening† time. 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What was their eventual impact on the western intellectual world. The Scientific revolution and The Enlightenment period overlapped by a hundred years and were co-occurring between 1650-1750. The Scientific Revolution happening first and beginning around 1600, was a period of time when new ideas and toolsRead MoreTo What Extent Was The Enlightenment The Main Driving Force Behind The American And French Revolutions?1479 Words   |  6 PagesI. Source Evaluation This investigation focuses on the causes of Atlantic Revolutions and will explore the question: To what extent was the Enlightenment the main driving force behind the American and French Revolutions? The years 1685 to 1815 (Strayer, 2011) will be the focus of this investigation to allow for an analysis of the Enlightenment ideas’ impact the need for governmental change in the American colonies and France during the eighteenth century, as well as their governmental influencesRead MoreJean Jacques Rousseau s Work Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesin Geneva on June 28th, 1712. Those who were present had no clue that this child’s life would serve as a catalyst for philosophical and political reform. Rousseau’s writings had so much influence in the 18th century that he â€Å"played a significant role in three different revolutions† (52). In fact his work leaves a legacy so large that you can trace almost all modern revolutions back to his writings. In 1749 Rousseau competed for an essay prize where the challenge was to write about if the advancesRead MoreAge Of Reason And The Scientific Revolution1089 Words   |  5 Pagesnext period. The second time period in the Age of Reason was the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was when scholars and philosophers started to reevaluate old aspects of society and how it functions. The Age of Reason was made up of science revolutionist and philosophers that tried to find ways to improve political, social, and religious life. Science revolutionist and philosophers were trying to find ways to improve political aspects in Society. The Science Revolutionist improved economics

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Leading Change with the 5-P Model Complexing the...

Cornell Hospitality Quarterly http://cqx.sagepub.com/ Leading Change with the 5-P Model : Complexing the Swan and Dolphin Hotels at Walt Disney World Robert Ford, William Heisler and William Mccreary Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 2008 49: 191 DOI: 10.1177/0010880407306361 The online version of this article can be found at: http://cqx.sagepub.com/content/49/2/191 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: The Center for Hospitality Research of Cornell University Additional services and information for Cornell Hospitality Quarterly can be found at: Email Alerts: http://cqx.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://cqx.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav†¦show more content†¦Moreover, the article relates this framework to other change frameworks that have been proposed by various authors. Using a change situation in which two hotels under separate management were merged or â€Å"complexed† to form a single operating entity under new ownership, we illustrate how our model can be used to implement effective change. In particular, we explain the importance of attending to each aspect of the change process, as well as demonstrating that the change has achieved its purpose. We call our framework the â€Å"5-P model†: purpose, priorities, people, process, and proof. The change began in February 1998 when the Starwood Corporation bought the Westin Hotels and Resorts Company, which managed the 758-room Swan Hotel and, shortly thereafter, the Sheraton Hotel Corporation, which managed the 1,509-room Dolphin. Since the hotels are adjacent to each other and had been jointly marketed since 1996 by a marketing group organized by one of their joint owners, Tishman Hotel and Realty Corporation, the logical next step was to seek a way to merge the two hotels’ management and operations. A complication associated with this merger was that each hotel had its own specific history and way of doing things, as well as a distinct corporate culture. The larger Dolphin’s Sheraton culture and the smaller Swan’s Westin culture were already overshadowed by the omnipresent and dominant Disney culture. Nevertheless mostShow MoreRelatedThe Leadership of Walt Disney Essay2346 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Biographical Study The Leadership of Walt Disney Introduction This biographical study attempts to demonstrate the ways in which Walt Disney’s leadership influenced his followers through his method of leadership and the extent to which his followers influenced his leadership style. This will be demonstrated with reference to relevant leadership theories, whereby section I shall relate the leadership style of Walt Disney with reference to ‘Transformational Leadership’, and more specifically: ‘Idealised

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Implications for Social Wellness and Development Free Essays

I chose this article because it was very interesting to me. When you are growing out of adolescence into adulthood, you never think of the psychology that is involved in your growing. You don’t think about how and what influences the person you are becoming or the person that you want to be when you reach adulthood. We will write a custom essay sample on Implications for Social Wellness and Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now During this stage of social development, you learn more about what you like, how you love and the actual wellness that you are working toward. Most people will never think of this, they think that life is life and that you are just supposed to live it. They have no idea of the development and the consequences that could come from poor judgment. I know that I never thought of this and it took me until I was 23 years old to figure out what I wanted out of my life because before that I just coasted through it carelessly, never worrying about the consequences. The major problem with this is that when an adolescent graduates high school, most of them move out of their parents’ home and into their own apartment or into a dorm. There, they basically have no rules and don’t have to worry about the consequences of their actions. If I had to write a research paper on this subject, I would definitely use this article. There is so much information throughout; there are even diagrams and illustrations. I found the diagram The Indivisible Self: An Evidence-Based Model of Wellness very informative and interesting. There was also the purpose of study and hypothesis where there were five hypotheses, the method and the instruments used to conduct this study. The subscales were very informative as well. The results and the discussion were also very stimulating. I find that psychology is a very complex study that requires much critical thinking but I am loving this subject. You learn so much about yourself and everyone around you. How to cite Implications for Social Wellness and Development, Essay examples

Monday, May 4, 2020

Professional Project Leadership of Projects

Question: Describe about the Professional Project for Leadership of Projects. Answer: Introduction This report is aimed at shedding some light on the various aspects of the project work titled The role of communication process in effective leadership of projects. The context of the project would be discussed in section 2 of the report, whereas the detailed project proposal would be unveiled in section 3 of the report. Project Context Project management is defined as the task of applying suitable methods, along with the knowledge and expertise collected from previous projects, along with technical skills and management policies towards the achievement of the goals and objectives of any project (Daim et al. 2012). On the other hand, the PMBOK defines project management as the following: Project management is the discipline of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria. It is evident from a definition that the personnel associated with the management process play a vital role in completing the project in a successful manner (Rose, 2013). Researchers Verburg, Bosch-Sijtsema and Vartiainen (2013) have identified the major leadership qualities that every project manager must essentially have in order to ensure that the team working on the project act in accordance to the plans. Some such qualities include the following: the ability to inspire the subordinates in achieving a shared vision, Communicating efficiently with them, iii. Ensuring the integrity of the team, Being a enthusiast, Dealing with the subordinates with empathy and sympathy (Binder, 2016). being competent enough to oversee all the major aspects of the project and delegate the project activities to the resources having the skills to perform the same. A quick look at the above-mentioned list makes it clear that having the right knowledge and attitude towards the project is not sufficient for managing it effortlessly: communicating these very ideas with the subordinates and the other stakeholders is indeed an integral and essential part of the process. Experts Hackman and Johnson (2013) have commented in their book that effective leaders use language as their most tangible skill for the appropriate management of the requirements of the project. On the other hand, researchers () have shed light on some of the communication skills that successful project managers are, more often than not, found to possess. The skills highlighted by the authors include the following: Respect towards the subordinates and the superiors. The clarity of thoughts and the ability to communicate the same to the project stakeholders, iii. A transparency in the vision and ideas being communicated. Thus, it can be said that the experts in the domain of project management are unanimous on the statement that effective and efficient communication is one of the key skills that every project manager should possess. The literature review conducted in the preliminary phase of this project works has made this idea even more stronger, as we came across several scholarly articles that speak volumes of the communication skills that are essential for successful management of organizational projects. Surprisingly, the researchers have not considered the role of these very factors in developing an efficient leadership style. Thus, the research work being discussed in this report would actually target this particular research gap and concentrate on unearthing the role communication factors in effective project leadership. Project Proposal Project Background Researchers Hackman and Johnson (2013) are of the opinion that effective communication processes do not merely relay information and instructions from the higher management to the subordinates who would actually work on them, but makes the team aware of the roles and responsibilities they require to undertake in order to meet the business objectives of the project. Author Yukl (2012) seconds their opinion, as he adds that an efficient leader would not only be able to communicate effortless with his team, but would also touch all the stakeholders of the project, be it internal or external , in a wider context. Thus, it can be said be conclude that effective communication process is considered as an integral part of an effective project leadership process. Problem Definition The discussions made in section 2 of this report indicate that the role of communication skills and factors in the process of leading an organizational project effectively is one of those domains of project management that has not been included studied much. While several experts have accepted good communication as an essential ingredient of effective project leadership capability, none of them has been able to shed light on the role that communication exactly plays in this process. Thus, the research project under consideration would be conducted with the sole purpose of filing up this research gap. Project Aim and Objectives This research work is aimed at identifying the roles that efficient communication process plays in the development of an effective project leadership and management process. Besides this, attempts would also be made so as to identify the techniques that can be utilized so as to improve project communication skills. Thus, the objectives of this research work can be outlined as the following; To identify the role of an effective leader in project management To shed some light on the role of communication processes plays in the development of effective project leadership styles To identify the techniques that can be utilized so as to improve project communication skills Literature Review The Project Management Institute, widely known as the PMI, considers communication as one of those very skills that can only be improved with more and more practice, but can never be perfected (Snijders, Wuttke Zandhuis, 2012). The organization thus encourages project managers to spend a very significant amount of time in communicating with their team so as to improve their skills. Researcher Proehl (2013) is of the opinion that since most organizational project teams consist of team members coming from diverse backgrounds and cultures, the only tool that can be utilized for keeping all of them on the same page regarding the progress of the project is encourage effective communication processes among themselves. On the other hand, researchers Vaccaro et al. (2012) have commented that regular communication regarding the progress of the project, along with the roles of that team members need to play on making the project a success and the responsibility they are bestowed with for the same. Besides this, communicating the feedbacks available from the client side to the project team members is an equally important task that effective leaders conduct on a regular basis to encourage their teams. Project Plan The following section of the report provides detailed information regarding the data collection and analysis methods to be utilized for conducting the project. The estimated timeline of the project would also be discussed. Proposed Data Collection and Analysis Approach(s) Data collection: It has been decided that besides utilizing the information available from the literary articles being reviewed, primary data would be collected by interviewing veteran project managers. Online surveys would also be utilized for the process of data collection. Data analysis: Qualitative methods would be utilized for analyzing the data available from the literary articles and from the interview sessions. However, regression analysis methods would be utilized for analyzing the data collected from the online surveys. Milestones and Schedule The schedule of the research project has been outlined below: Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Resource Names Research Project 144 days Mon 1/2/17 Thu 7/20/17 Research project starts 0 days Mon 1/2/17 Mon 1/2/17 selecting the research domain 9 days Mon 1/2/17 Thu 1/12/17 1 Researcher conducting background research 20 days Fri 1/13/17 Thu 2/9/17 2 Researcher Sleeting the final research topic 5 days Fri 2/10/17 Thu 2/16/17 3 Research Instructor, Researcher Conducting the literature review 5 days Fri 2/17/17 Thu 2/23/17 4 Researcher Identifying the aims and objectives 3 days Fri 2/24/17 Tue 2/28/17 5 Research Instructor, Researcher Identifying the research methodology to be used 3 days Wed 3/1/17 Fri 3/3/17 6 Research Instructor, Researcher Collecting data from primary sources 14 days Mon 3/6/17 Thu 3/23/17 7 Researcher Collecting data from secondary sources 15 days Fri 3/24/17 Thu 4/13/17 8 Researcher Documenting data 5 days Fri 4/14/17 Thu 4/20/17 9 Researcher analyzing data 10 days Fri 4/21/17 Thu 5/4/17 10 Research Instructor, Researcher reaching conclusion 15 days Fri 5/5/17 Thu 5/25/17 11 Research Instructor, Researcher Developing final draft of project report 20 days Fri 5/26/17 Thu 6/22/17 12 Researcher Documenting final report 20 days Fri 6/23/17 Thu 7/20/17 13 Researcher Research project ends 0 days Thu 7/20/17 Thu 7/20/17 14 Figure: Gantt chart of the project (Source: Developed by author) Conclusion The information disclosed in the preceding sections of the report indicates that the research project in discussion would emphasize on the role of communication in effective project leadership. The context of the project has been discussed in the report along with the research methods and research timeline. In the light of the discussions made in the report, it can be concluded successful completion of the project would enable project managers to move one-step closer to communicate effortlessly to their team members, thus gaining success in their project goals. Bibliography Binder, J. (2016). Global project management: communication, collaboration and management across borders. CRC Press. Crawford, J. K. (2014).Project management maturity model. CRC Press. Daim, T. U., Ha, A., Reutiman, S., Hughes, B., Pathak, U., Bynum, W., Bhatla, A. (2012). Exploring the communication breakdown in global virtual teams. International Journal of Project Management, 30(2), 199-212. Gido, J., Clements, J. P. (2014).Successful project management. Nelson Education. Hackman, M. Z., Johnson, C. E. (2013). Leadership: A communication perspective. Waveland Press. Heldman, K. (2013).PMP: project management professional exam study guide. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Meng, X. (2012). The effect of relationship management on project performance in construction.International journal of project management,30(2), 188-198. Moran, R. T., Abramson, N. R., Moran, S. V. (2014). Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Proehl, R. A. (2013). Enhancing the effectiveness of cross?functional teams. Team Performance Management: An International Journal. Rose, K. H. (2013). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide)Fifth Edition. Project Management Journal, 44(3), e1-e1. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Snijders, P., Wuttke, T., Zandhuis, A. (2012). Pocket Companion to PMI's PMBOK Guide-Updated Version. Van Haren Publishing. Steyn, H., Dekker, A. H., Kuschke, B., Van Eck, B. P. S., Visser, K. (2016).Project management: A multi-disciplinary approach. Vaccaro, I. G., Jansen, J. J., Van Den Bosch, F. A., Volberda, H. W. (2012). Management innovation and leadership: The moderating role of organizational size. Journal of Management Studies, 49(1), 28-51. Verburg, R. M., Bosch-Sijtsema, P., Vartiainen, M. (2013). Getting it done: Critical success factors for project managers in virtual work settings. International Journal of Project Management, 31(1), 68-79. Walker, A. (2015).Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons. Yukl, G. (2012). Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(4), 66-85.

Sunday, March 29, 2020

The Career that interest me is being a doctor. Essay Example For Students

The Career that interest me is being a doctor. Essay In the 1994-1995 academic year the United States and Canada had 140 accredited 4-year medical colleges. That same year 43,029 men and 30,821 women were enrolled in these schools and 10,646 men and 7,009 women were graduated. Graduates, after a year of internship, receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination administered either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners. Physicians diagnose diseases and injuries, administer treatment, and advise patients on good diet and other ways to stay healthy. The United States has two kinds of physicians, the Doctor of Medicine (MD) and the Doctor of Osteopathy (DO). Both use medicines, surgery, and other standard methods of treating disease. DOs place special emphasis on problems involving the musculoskeletal system, which includes muscles, ligaments, bones, and joints. Patients receive medical care from primary care doctors and specialists. Primary care doctors include general practitioners, family physicians, general internists, and general pediatricians. Many women also use obstetricians-gynecologists as primary care doctors. Patients usually consult a primary care doctor when they first become ill or injured. Primary care physicians can treat most common disorders, and provide comprehensive, lifelong care for individuals and families. We will write a custom essay on The Career that interest me is being a doctor. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now But medical knowledge has advanced so far that no physician can master an entire field of medicine. Primary care doctors may refer patients with unusually complicated problems to specialists with advanced training in a particular disease or field of medicine. Specialists may even concentrate in one particular area, and become sub specialists. Each specialist in internal medicine, for instance, is an expert in diagnosis and no surgical treatment of adult diseases. But some internists take advanced training to become sub specialists in treating adolescents, heart disease, elderly people, cancer, or arthritis. For more information about the areas that specialists treat, see the table on Medical Specialties. branch of education devoted to training doctors in the practice of medicine. In 18th-century colonial America, prospective physicians either apprenticed themselves to established practitioners or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London, Paris, and Edinburgh. Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and in 1767 at Kings College (now Columbia University), the first institution in the colonies to confer the degree of doctor of medicine. Following the American Revolution, the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of Kings College) was merged with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809, which survives as a division of Columbia University. In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an affiliated teaching hospital. The growth of medical schools affiliated with established institutions of learning was paralleled by the development of proprietary schools of medicine run for personal profit, most of which had low standards and inadequate facilities. In 1910 Abraham Flexner, the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada, exposing the inadequacies of most proprietary schools. Subsequently, the American Medical Association and the Association of American Medical Colleges laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, affiliation with teaching hospitals, and licensing of practitioners that survive to this day.

Saturday, March 7, 2020

Phrases to Use to Confirm Information

Phrases to Use to Confirm Information There are certain times in our lives that we need to make sure we understand everything. That’s when clarifying information becomes important. If we want to double-check, we can ask for clarification. If we want to make sure that someone has understood, you can request confirmation that someone has received the message. This type of clarification is especially useful in business meetings, but also in everyday events like taking directions over the telephone or checking an address and telephone number. Use these phrases to clarify and check information.   Phrases and Structures Used to Clarify and Check that You Understand Question Tags Question tags are used when you are sure you have understood but would like to double check. Use the opposite form of the helping verb of the original sentence at the end of the sentence to check. S Tense (positive or negative) Objects , Opposite Auxiliary Verb S You’re going to attend the meeting next week, aren’t you?They don’t sell computers, do they?Tom hasn’t arrived yet, has he? Phrases Used to Rephrase to Double Check Use these phrases to indicate that you would like to rephrase what someone has said in order to make sure you have understood something correctly. Can I rephrase what you said/have/said?So, you mean/think/believe that ...Let me see if I’ve understood you correctly. You ... Can I rephrase what you mean? You feel it’s important to enter the market now.Let me see if I’ve understood you correctly. You would like to hire a marketing consultant. Phrases Used to Ask for Clarification Could you repeat that?I’m afraid I don’t understand.Could you say that again? Could you repeat that? I think I may have misunderstood you.I’m afraid I don’t understand how you plan to implement this plan. Phrases Used to Make Sure Others have Understood You It’s common to ask for clarifying questions after you presented information that might be new to those listening. Use these phrases to make sure everyone has understood. Are we all on the same page?Have I made everything clear?Are there any (more, further) questions? Are we all on the same page? I’d be happy to clarify anything that’s not clear.Are there any further questions? Let’s take a look at a few examples to help clarify. Phrases Use these phrases to repeat information to make sure everyone has understood. Let me repeat that.Let’s go through that again.If you don’t mind, I’d like to go over this again. Let me repeat that. We’d like to find new partners for our business.Let’s go through that again. First, I take a left at Stevens St. and then a right at 15th Ave. Is that correct? Example Situations Example 1 - At a Meeting Frank: ... to end this conversation, let me repeat that we don’t expect everything to happen at once. Are we all on the same page?Marcia: Can I rephrase just a bit to make sure I’ve understood? Frank: Certainly.Marcia: As I understood, we’re going to open up three new branches over the next few months. Frank: Yes, that’s correct.Marcia: However, we don’t have to make all the final decisions right now, do we? Frank: We only need to decide who should be responsible for making those decisions when the time comes.Marcia: Yes, Let’s go through how we’re going to decide that again. Frank: OK. I’d like you to choose a local supervisor you feel would be up to the task.Marcia: I’m supposed to let him or her choose the location, aren’t I? Frank: Yes, that way we’ll have the best local knowledge.Marcia: OK. I think I’m up to speed. Let’s meet again in a few weeks. Frank: How about Wednesday in two weeks?Marcia: OK. See you then. Example 2 - Getting Directions Neighbor 1: Hi Holly, could you help me out?Neighbor 2: Sure, what can I do? Neighbor 1: I need directions to the new supermarket.Neighbor 2: Sure, that’s easy. Take a left on 5th Ave., turn right on Johnson and continue straight ahead for two miles. It’s on the left. Neighbor 1: Just a moment. Could you say that again? I’d like to get this down.Neighbor 2: No problem, take a left on 5th Ave., turn right on Johnson and continue straight ahead for two miles. It’s on the left.Neighbor 1: I take the second right on Johnson, don’t I?Neighbor 2: No, take the first right. Got it? Neighbor 1: Uh, yes, let me just repeat. Take a left on 5th Ave., turn right on Johnson and continue straight ahead for two miles.Neighbor 2: Yes, that’s it. Neighbor 1: Great. Thanks for your help.Neighbor 2: No problem.

Thursday, February 20, 2020

Human Resources Employment law for Businesses Case Study

Human Resources Employment law for Businesses - Case Study Example Based upon these facts the company needs to retain legal counsel because the lawsuit is valid. 2. Natalie Weston has a valid lawsuit against her former employer. The store manager broke confidentiality when telling a company calling to verify Ms. Weston previously worked at the company by telling them she came to work drunk. Based upon these things the Martin's department store needs to retain legal counsel. In addition the description does not state that the store manager has any proof that Ms. Weston was drunk while at work. With this proof this situation can easily be called defamation of character. However, the determination in regards to ruling will maybe influenced by the evidence presented. If an employee or the potential employer provides a statement that this has occurred the employer will have a strong lawsuit against them. 1. There is a difference between an employee that reports a serious or violent crime to the police and an employee that reports someone stealing paper clips. The differentiation lies in the determination of the severity of the crime. Raping an individual would constitute a felony and stealing cars or car parts dependent upon the determined value would also constitute a felony. However, stealing paper clips is not a serve or violent crime. ... However, stealing paper clips usually is dealt with from the inside of the company by company officials. This notion was further demonstrated in this case as the court ruling found that "public policy favored citizen crime fighters and the exposure of criminal activity" (Muhl, 2001, p. 2). Thus ruling that stealing a screw driver and car parts are not in the same category and protection extends to Palmateer. 2. This crime occurring at International Harvester does call for more severity than stealing a two dollar screw driver. Stealing car parts and selling them is more complicated than stealing a screw driver. Obtaining stole car parts and selling them is an illegal deed regardless of who or where the car parts are being stolen from. This operation may expose thefts to stores, or people. Due to the nature of this crime the good faith clause is applicable to this situation. 3. Terminated works have some rights that extent past the termination. The termination should not be discussed with other workers in regards to the reason of termination. Further the former work has the right to confidentiality. Thus if a new potential employer calls to verify the employee was employed at the facility they should not release details of the termination. This is confidential information and the company may be sued. In addition the former employer may not say anything that maybe detrimental to the former employees character. This release of information (whether it is true or factious information) may cause the employee not to receive the potential job. This situation presents defamation of character.To further instill the rights of public policy this case occurred in a state that a good faith clause. According to Muhl(2001),the good faith clause has been

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

The Strategic Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Strategic Management - Case Study Example A variety of tools and techniques for strategic management analysis and identification of the mission and vision of an entity were applied by the Power Consulting Group Inc. to the environmental and organizational situation of University of Northern British Columbia. Amongst the tools and techniques used, the stakeholder analysis and the macro power techniques yielded the strongest recommendations as to the strategy that the University should adopt in order to align its mission, vision and objectives with a corresponding strategy. It is possible for us to use the tools and techniques to propose a suitable recommendation - this is possible because of the nature of the analysis. The methodologies applied have been developed over the years by strategists and analysts having great experience in strategic management and the designing of strategic solutions for a wider variety of organizations than the average manager. Thus, keeping into view the factors in the University and its alliances, the Macro branch of the power school can be used as the primary analysis factor in proposing two broad strategies that the University can adopt. The current alliances of the University with governments, alumni endowments and exchange programs with international universities leads to the proposition that the University could work its strategy in two directions: The two strategies have mer... A consolidation strategy aimed at no expansion, but improvement of the quality of the students. The two strategies have merits and demerits of their own. The first strategy warrants newer alliances with local high schools, downtown restaurants, cellular phone companies and even to the extent of replacing Aramack by Starbucks at the campus. This strategy is entirely focused on growth and extension of the name of the University in all four directions - there is also the possibility of an MBA program institutionalized. The second strategy is geared towards improving the quality of the student life and ensuring that the alliances made for this strategy are purely helping the operational strategy of the University. By this it means that having scholarship alliances, environmental friendly food campaigns and clubs apart from alliances with local farmers and Canadian universities, the UNBC will be aiming to consolidate its existing position in order to trade its expansion strategies with a better exchange program for its students. Students would be benefiting from the University's alliances in many ways. The expansion strategy would mean that strategic alliances and partnerships would yields benefits for students in the form of discounted meals from restaurants, discounted computers and new packages and offers from cellular companies targeted especially towards the students of the University. The aim here would be to enroll as many students as possible at the University so that the alliance partners would be able to benefit by the quantity of sales and revenues. On the other hand, the consolidation strategy would mean that students would be open to more exchange programs in more countries and that there will be newer horizons for students to explore with

Monday, January 27, 2020

Growth and expansion of Arcelik Home Appliances

Growth and expansion of Arcelik Home Appliances Introduction Arcelik Home Appliances is the leading manufacturer of home appliances in Turkey with a market share of 50% in the domestic market as at 2003 (Ghemawat, 2008). It supplies the market using two brands namely Arcelik and Beko. The company has adopted an international expansion strategy and has already been marketing its products to more than one hundred (100) countries mainly in Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Asia, and North Africa (Ghemawat, 2008). Arcelik was originally founded to produce metallic office furniture in 1955 but diversified into production of household appliances shortly after. It has been hailed as the first company to introduce appliances such as washing machines and refrigerators to the Turkish households. Arcelik would face further challenges when it became apparent that the Turkish government would be participating in the European Communitys tariff reduction which was meant to reduce to zero from 1992 to 1996 (Ghemawat, 2008). The challenge would be competition from other manufactures from the European Community who would be able to sell their products at more competitive process in the domestic market. Arcelik overcame this challenge by investing heavily in research and development thereby substantially improving the quality of their products. The company is currently the leading holder of patents in the Turkish market. This strategy cemented its market leadership in the domestic market as consumers preferred to spend a little more to obtain goods whose durability could be assured. This preference was also enhanced by Turkeys fluctuating market where inflationary forces were highly unpredictable with the greater odds being to the consumers disadvantage. Arcelik would later grow to establish its market dominance in Turkey for decades but would later face challenges that would trigger its focus on international expansion to ensure its survival and growth. Arceliks motives for international expansion The focus on international expansion by Arcelik was triggered by the economic crisis that hit Turkey in 2001. This crisis had led to soaring levels of unemployment and a significant reduction of market demand by an estimated figure of 35% (Ghemawat, 2008). This strategy mainly comprised increasing exports as well as engaging in international acquisitions. The economic crisis in Turkey must have proved to Arcelik the vulnerability of firms wholly dependent on domestic markets. Pressures from business cycles, inflation, interest rates, exchange rates and political forces are prevalent in domestic markets. On the other hand, international markets tend to be better insulated from such pressures since they will rarely apply across several countries. Economic crisis in one market would normally not be prevalent in the rest of the markets hence multinationals can ensure stability by marketing their products across many countries. Arcelik had to get a way to survive the economic crisis in 20 01 and as well ensure that future company performance was stabilized by reducing its level of vulnerability to domestic market fluctuations. Arcelik also sought to focus on international expansion in order to increase its level of production and increase its economies of scale (Ghemawat, 2008). This means that with additional production, the cost of producing each unit product becomes significantly lower hence allowing a company to make higher margins per unit or allowing them to charge lower per unit without incurring any losses. Economies of scale allow a company to remain competitive in the ever-evolving economies. To ensure that the economies of scale do not end up in accumulation of dead stock, or in the escalation of warehousing and storage costs, Arcelik would need to look to markets that would be able to support its intention of increasing the economies of scale through a larger demand. The national demand within Turkey would not be able to absorb these additional products h ence the rationale behind Turkey looking to expand international trade. The level of demand for home appliances in Europe alone is about 25% of world demand (Ghemawat, 2008). Arcelic sought to tap into this huge demand to support its competitiveness and the large levels of production occasioned by their strategy of maximizing on the economies of scale. International expansion can also be explored where a company seeks to lower its production costs by having a significant proportion of their production done from regions where the cost is lower than in the domestic market. One of the major factors of production that normally influence the decision of overseas production is labour. When considering labour, it is imperative that a company weighs between the benefits of the savings from paying the lower labour cost, the differences in the productivity of the workers between the higher wage and lower wage areas, and the transport and storage cost implications. It is also worth noting that in many cases, where the labour costs are low, other factors of production such as land would also be relatively lower. The labour cost in Western Europe is estimated to be five times that in Turkey. Labor cost in Turkey is three times that in Eastern Europe (Ghemawat, 2008). In China, it is four times lower than in Turkey. Labor productivity also varies and must be taken into account. For instance, in China, labour productivity is just half of that in Turkey. Additional transportation costs are determined by both the distance between the production facilities and the legal environments of the countries through which the products must cross to get to its intended markets. Access to international markets is crucial to any organization that seeks to expand itself. Domestic markets will often in many cases be found insufficient to support the growth targets that the companies set for themselves. They are also in many cases unable to enable an organization to recoup the investments the y may make in research and development in time. The complexity and the level of innovations in the global market is advanced and often leads to production of new and better fulfilling products. This significantly reduces the product life cycles and the companies engaging in research and development need to gain assurance that their investments can be recouped before the products lose demand. This assurance can only be found by marketing extensively in the international markets where the demand is much larger and can ably support the level of sales needed. Arcelik was motivated to focus on international markets since it had opted to distinguish itself as a research and development specialist who focused on the production of quality and durable products. These features would mean that it would need to charge relatively higher prices for the products. On the other side, the products from other European countries were finding their way into Turkey due to the zero tariff arrangement with the European countries. The entry of other products in Turkey meant that Arcelik would either have to lower their prices in order to maintain its domestic share market, or expand its operations to European and other markets in order to maintain or increase its level of sales to clients that focus more on quality, suitability and durability of the products they purchase. Arceliks options for expansion In order to realize its goal of expansion into the international markets, Arcelik has adopted a number of options to help them realize this goal. The international market entry options adopted by Arcelik include use of exports, international acquisitions, use of private label contracting, and product diversification. Organic domestic growth and use of exports Arcelik ensured growth domestically by ensuring reliable accessibility to the market using exclusive distributors and agencies who also served as centres for offering after sales services. This exclusive network also served as an entry barrier for any new market operators. Exporting entails maintaining the companys operations in the home market and selling the products in overseas markets (Giroud, Sinkovics, and Yamin, 2011). It is hailed as the least costly mode of foreign market entry but at the same time the most vulnerable to various entry barriers as government regulations. The cost effectiveness of this entry method is enhanced by the fact that it requires no involvement with the foreign governments or the companies operating in the target market. It is often seen as the best mode of entry for an organization operating on a lower scale. With subsequent growth of exports, the company may open sales agencies in the foreign markets to be the link with the companys clients overseas. By 2003, Arcelik had grown to be the leading player in Estonia and Lithuania with a market share of 25% in these two markets. It also had a commanding presence in the rest of Eastern Europe. The presence of Arceliks sales agencies helped grow significantly in Western Euro pe with a markets share of 15% in the United Kingdom. Arcelik also conducted a successful export strategy gaining a 70% market share in Romania with its Beko brand. The net effect of these exporting strategies was a significant increase in Arcetiks production capacity from 440,000 to 750,000 in 2003 and 2004 respectively (Ghemawat, 2008). International acquisitions This mode involves a company buying out another firm operating in the target market hence assuming full legal rights over it. This method is hailed as the best mode of expansion into other markets since it grants a company total control over the foreign subsidiary as well as full profits generated thereafter (Giroud, Sinkovics, and Yamin, 2011). The full control over the activities of a subsidiary is viewed as essential in ensuring they run in accordance with the philosophies of the parent company hence ensure the goals of the company are achieved as intended. The targets for acquisition would need to have the unquestionable ability to complement Arceliks growth strategies. Arcelik would also evaluate the foreign firms brands and take consideration on how these brands would help strengthen them as well as complement their capabilities. The target subsidiarys contribution to sustainable growth was also a key factor. Arceliks acquisitions in 2002 include Bloomberg, Electra, and Flavel and Leisure in Germany, Austria and the UK for the two latter brands (Ghemawat, 2008). They also acquired Arctic in Romania. The acquisitions of brands in the target markets was likely informed by the fact that many consumers tend to prefer purchasing brands that they can identify with: the brands they consider national brands. These acquisitions tremendously increased the product range offered by Arcelik and lead to its significant growth within the European markets. Use of license contracting Licensing involves the company transferring certain rights to another firm to enable it manufacture products using its brand. In licensing, the consideration that the licensor gets is only the royalty or the license fee (Giroud, Sinkovics, and Yamin, 2011). It does not take part in profit sharing or any other marketing processes of the licensee. Licensing offers the advantage of enabling a firm to avoid government regulations and other restrictive policies such as tariffs and quotas. It also enables market penetration without involving extensive capital expenditures. However, this method is highly restrictive in the level of control the company can have over the activities of the licensee. There is also the risk of the licensee gaining the technical expertise and becoming a competitor in the production of close substitutes after the expiry of the mutual arrangement. Arceliks production in 2004 comprised 40% from various licensing arrangements (Ghemawat, 2008). This complimentary effo rt helped ensure Arceliks brand presence in the Europeans markets. Diversification into other businesses within Turkey In order to enhance further growth in the domestic market, Arcelik sought to capitalize on its elaborate distribution network to provide consumers with additional products. By 2004, Arcelik was offered various types cellular phones and was already getting into arrangement with various Japanese firms to act as distributors of various electronic products. The diversification proved to be a great success and further cemented Arceliks leadership in the Turkish market. Additional Options for Expansion Arceliks ambitious goal of achieving revenues of three billion Euros in the next year may be difficult to realize unless additional methods were employed to ensure its continued growth in the international markets. Domestically, Arcelik could opt to but out local competitors in a bid to solidify its hold on the local market. This solidification would help reduce the downward pressure on its product prices by reducing the significance of competition locally. In addition, the additional channels of distribution gained through any such acquisition would act as an entry barrier to any foreign firms hence ensuring steady domestic growth. Internationally, Arcelik could embrace a number of methods to ensure its continued growth. These methods include engaging in Joint ventures, franchising and use of strategic alliances. Joint Ventures Joint ventures involve the formation of a partnership arrangement with a different company where the parent companies provide the resources to operate it, share responsibility on management, and share profits realized thereafter (Giroud, Sinkovics, and Yamin, 2011). This type of venture is especially popular where it comes to sharing the intelligence and technical knowhow required for research and development. With their determination to distinguish themselves as the masters of innovation and product development, this method can be used to ensure its rapid growth. Instead of engaging in competition with the already existing companies in the foreign market, Arcelik could identify a strategic partner who knows the market remarkably well. They could then research into the market needs in a bid to try and unveil any unsatisfied demands in the market. Having found the features lacking in the products found in the market, they could, through the joint venture develop new products that woul d suit this need and capture the unreached market. This method would be convenient to Arcelik since it would not involve many unnecessary government regulations that normally bar entry. In addition, such a venture, if well implemented would easily capture the market as it would be riding on the goodwill and distribution network of the strategic partner in the foreign market. Franchising Arcelik needs to consider franchising in order to minimize the risks involved with the licensing as it currently practices. Here, Arcelik would transfer some rights to the franchisee to produce the products under its brand but will reserve the right to provide some aspects of technical support (Giroud, Sinkovics, and Yamin, 2011). This way, Arcelik will be able to be abreast with the activities of the franchisee. In addition, in Franchising, the royalty is based on the amount of sales hence Arcelik will be able to generate higher revenues in the event the franchisor is able to realize significantly higher sales. Franchising is easy to start since the franchisor incurs minimal capital cost hence Arcelik can expand into more foreign markets with relative ease. Moreover, the franchisee assumes all the risks and foots for all costs of labour and facility establishment. The company will also be able to avoid any political risks associated with foreigners operating in national markets. Arc elik can therefore easily expand its scale of production without worrying about high capital expenditure hence edging closer to achieving the revenue targets Strategic alliances A strategic alliance differs from joint ventures in that it does not necessarily involve formation of a legal entity. Strategic alliances are formed to enable companies use each others distribution networks, technologies, production capacities, management experience and others (Giroud, Sinkovics, and Yamin, 2011). One very essential factor in ensuring product penetration in the market is the distribution network. This has been evident in the manner in which Arcelik has been able to capture the domestic market by using effective distribution networks in Turkey. Arcelik should also try to replicate this experience in the foreign markets. However, by virtue of the fact that its a foreign market, they may not have the resources to establish an effective distribution network in those markets. It would therefore be relatively more convenient to identify foreign companies with a distribution network that serves their target customers effectively, and then enter into a strategic alliance wit h them. This may be companies offering similar products or those making completely different products. When the products are easily available to the consumers, they more likely to buy these products and this would lead to an increase in the amount of sales realized by Arcelik. The strategic alliance could also involve sharing of certain technologies between the companies in question. Arcelik could choose to leave the production of a certain product components to a company with a comparative advantage in its production in exchange for providing a component which it can produce more efficiently. This exchange could lead to lowering the production cost which would be useful in helping the company become more price-competitive in the market. Conclusion Arceliks growth is mainly dependent on how the company can enter and prosper in the international markets. This is because it is already commanding the domestic market in Turkey and may have limited growth opportunities locally. Growth and diversification are often related as is evident from Arceliks company history. Arcelik has grown in the past by steadily improving on the product range that it offers to the market and this diversification should be continued to ensure continued growth.

Sunday, January 19, 2020

History of Management Thought †Elton Mayo Essay

This essay covers the life and key contributions of Elton Mayo, a renowned figure in management science, and how his theories have made a significant impact in management today. BIOGRAPHY OF GEORGE ELTON MAYO George Elton Mayo was born in Adelaide, Australia on 26th December 1880. Under heavy family influence, Mayo embarked on a course in medicine. However, he failed an examination which ended his chances of having a medical career. He went on to study philosophy and psychology at The University of Adelaide and graduated in 1911. Following his graduation, he lectured at The University of Queensland from 1911 to 1923. In 1912, Mayo married Dorothea McConnel, a daughter of a respectable Australian family. They had two daughters, Patricia and Gael (Witzel 2005). During World War I, Mayo treated shell-shocked soldiers, families and acquaintances through which he gained invaluable insights. This became the foundation of his approach to the analysis of problems in modern industries (Smith 1974). In 1923, Mayo became a researcher at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Commerce and Finance where he examined the physical and psychological factors which caused high employee turnover at the Continental Mills (Merrill 1960). Mayo was also significantly involved in the research relating to The Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company from 1924 to 1932. This study formed the basis of Mayo’s views on industrial settings as a social system (Pugh & Hickson 2007). Mayo died in Guildford, Surrey on 1st September 1949. MAYO’S KEY WORKS AND THEORIES Mayo’s works and theories have made significant contributions to the evolution of management in organizations. One of Mayo’s key theories was derived from the research undertaken at the Continental Mills. He concluded that the central problem underlying the high turnover rate of employees in the spinning department was due to â€Å"pessimistic reveries†. According to Mayo, the term pessimistic reveries, is the state of mind in which negative thoughts and distractions dominate the minds of individuals, interfering with their work performance (Mayo 1947). It is caused by exhaustion and monotony in work routines. This led to Mayo’s theory of implementing rest periods to ease employees’ fatigue which would dismiss these pessimistic reveries (Mayo 1924). Another key point Mayo brought up from his studies at the Hawthorne plant was the significance of work groups in creating employees’ contentment (Smith 1974). According to Mayo, there is a tendency for groups to establish their own culture and build on their own ideologies, thereby influencing the way individuals behave at work (Tillett, Kempner & Wills 1970). An intimate environment created from these informal work groups provides a sense of belonging within individuals. This resulting recognition leads to higher productivity within organizations (Roethlisberger 1949). Mayo also emphasized on the need to work towards effective human collaboration to re-establish the diminishing social function within industries. Based on Emile Durkheim’s concept of anomie, he sees the term as the cause of social disorganization in society, raising a sense of inferiority and disenchantment within individuals (Wren & Bedeian 2009). To resolve this predicament, Mayo introduced the concept of managerial elites, who were trained to manage not only the technical aspects, but also the social aspects of industrial organizations (Smith 1998). Mayo’s key publications include, â€Å"The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization (1933)†, â€Å"The Social Problems of an Industrial Civilization (1945)† and â€Å"The Political Problems of an Industrial Civilization (1947)†. These books detailed the rationale for contemporary human relations movement and served as influential publications in the history of management theory (Wood & Wood 2004). FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCED MAYO AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIS THEORIES The following factors will provide insights on how Mayo was influenced in the creation of his key works and theories. Political Factors During the First World War (1914 – 1918), Mayo gained invaluable experiences which assisted him to develop a basis towards his views on the complications in industrial society. These experiences arose from his psychotherapeutic treatment on the shell shocked soldiers, resulting in his assertion that rest periods given to the soldiers would significantly improve their mental state of health and performance. Drawing on this conclusion, Mayo believed that the introduction of rest periods to industrial employees could lead to higher productivity (Mahoney & Baker 2002). Furthermore, his experience in WWI paved the way to his illustrious career as a practitioner with patients for thirty years (Mayo 1947). In 1919, the rise in conflicts and fall of civilization was apparent in Australia. Government intervention was thought to be the cure to this predicament. However, Mayo disagreed with this belief and felt that political interference would only further aggravate class conflicts, and ultimately cause the fall of society. He claimed that the best way to restore the diminishing social code was through effective collaboration (Bendix & Fisher 1949). Economic Factor The economic depression in 1929 resulted in shortened working hours at the Hawthorne plant, as well as the termination of the relay assembly test room studies. Faced with a rapidly changing society, Mayo placed greater emphasis on the need for effective collaboration and the recovery of social solidarity. This change in perspective received greater support from the public, thereby giving Mayo further recognition for his ideologies (Wren & Bedeian 2009). Social Factor The Industrial Revolution brought about a change to the management of worker relations in organizations. Managers placed greater emphasis on productivity of employees and failed to recognize their social needs. This caused a disruption to the social organization within industries (Kennedy 1998). Mayo did not oppose to this change, he simply proposed the need for individuals to adapt accordingly. This could be accomplished through studying the industrial society first hand and attaining social skills so as to enhance effective collaboration in organizations (Robinson 1946). Intellectual Factors Mayo was primarily influenced in his approach to psychology by the French psychologist, Pierre Marie Fà ©lix Janet. He was intrigued by Janet’s works on Hysteria and Obsession and this interest led him to practice psychotherapeutic treatment on soldiers returning from the First World War (Mayo 1947). Frederick Winslow Taylor, widely regarded as the father of management science, had a very different approach towards scientific management as compared to Mayo. He had workers going through a series of incessant tasks and actions. This monotonous and demanding approach left workers with very little control, and contributed to extremely high rates of worker turnover within organizations (Mahoney & Baker 2002). Mayo believed that the â€Å"Taylorist Bossism† method of management would not be as productive as compared to his therapeutic methods (Hoopes 2003). Fritz Roethlisberger was acquainted with Mayo at the Harvard University and was introduced to Mayo’s ideas and theories. He went on to write a book based on Mayo’s beliefs and efforts entitled, Management and the Worker. Roethlisberger was a popular speaker and managed to carry on Mayo’s legacy as a spokesperson to the human relations movement (Mahoney & Baker 2002). RELEVANCE OF MAYO’S THEORIES TO MANAGERS TODAY Mayo’s theories still remain relevant to managers today in spite of the ever changing nature of today’s organizational environment. The following is a discussion of this relevance. Mayo’s theory of implementing rest periods, to counter fatigue and exhaustion contributing to pessimistic reveries, is illustrated in the leading Internet search engine company, Google. The headquarters of Google, The Googleplex, provides many recreational facilities such as volleyball courts, pool tables and gymnasiums to help employees unwind. This interrupts any form of pessimistic reveries that could be experienced by their employees. With a more positive state of mind while working, the level of productivity within the company ultimately increases. The success of Google has clearly shown that Mayo’s theory, based on the need to eliminate pessimistic reveries, is still relevant in today’s society (Google 2010). In addition, the relevance of Mayo’s key theory on the importance of work groups can be showcased in the global infrastructure, finance and media company, General Electric (GE). GE developed the Work-Out process which involves bringing staff together to identify areas in need of improvements. Within small groups, employees and managers discuss the issues and develop recommendations. This process helps create a vibrant working environment and has a positive influence on the way GE employees think and behave (Beam 2002). Based on the 1995 GE Annual Report, the annual dividends significantly increased to $1.4billion due to the incorporation of the Work-Out process (General Electric 1996). This example further highlights the relevance of Mayo’s theory in modern management. Finally, Mayo also believed that effective collaboration was an essential tool for building a functioning social system in a rapidly changing industry. Cisco Systems, an industry leader in networking solutions and information technology, is one such company that sees effective collaboration as a high priority business tool for attaining success. This is supported by a study, sponsored by Cisco Systems, highlighting the successful strategies to effective collaboration (Astle 2009). This view is in line with Mayo’s theory that a socially handicapped organization would bring about negative attitudes amongst workers and hence, restrict the maximum productivity that could be attained otherwise. The call for effective collaboration is apparent in Cisco Systems, thus, showing how Mayo’s theory is still widely practiced in contemporary management. CONCLUSION Mayo’s theories and views have made a significant impact in the study of management history. In an ever changing organizational setting, which inevitably disrupts the social code within industries, Mayo stressed the need to restore effective collaboration amongst the employees through managerial elites. He also emphasized on the importance of work groups within organizations. Mayo’s influence on management science was a vital part of his legacy and his theories are still widely practiced today as they were in the beginning.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Japanese Dining Etiquette Essay

Remembering your correct manners is very important in Japan, especially concerning the area of dining etiquettes. This applies especially to foreigners, who should try to remember at least the most basic rules†¦ In Japanese meals, it is customary to say ‘itadakimasu’ (‘I gratefully receive’) before your meal, and ‘gochisama deshita’ (‘thank you for the meal’) after you have finished. These traditional phrases are to show your appreciation for the meal, especially when someone cooks for you. The best way to start your meal is with a sip of soup. Then you should eat a little bit of each dish, in a ‘rotation’, until you finish all the dishes at about the same time. Do NOT complete one dish of food before moving onto the next. Remember that if you are eating from communal dishes, it is considered an important etiquette to pick up the food using the opposite end of your chopsticks, or serving chopsticks if any are provided. Do not start drinking until everyone at the table is served, and do not pour any drinks for yourself. This should only be done by others, and naturally, it is also your responsibility to periodically check your friends’ cups and fill them up if they are empty, too. NEVER stick chopsticks into rice standing up, as this is how rice is offered to the dead. If you haven’t already heard, it is perfectly acceptable to slurp your noodles in Japan, as people say it tastes better, and it also shows you are enjoying your meal. Remember that it is considered very rude to burp, blow your nose at the table, and talk about unappetizing topics. Lastly, remember to finish every little grain of rice in your bowl or plate, as rice is considered very precious. Also this shows the chef you appreciate his/her food very much. It is also considered polite to return all plates and dishes back to their original positions, and to place chopsticks back in their paper slips or holders. Bibliography http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2005.html http://www.suite101.com/content/eating-japanese-dos-and-donts-a31496 http://www.japanesefood101.com/index.php/category/dining-etiquette/.

Friday, January 3, 2020

Learn the Conjugations for Sourire (to Smile)

Sourire  is a great French verb because it means to smile. When you want to say the past tense she smiled or the present tense we are smiling, the verb will need to be conjugated. In order to do this, youll need to memorize quite a few words and this lesson will introduce you to the essentials youll need. The Basic Conjugations of  Sourire Some French verbs are easier to conjugate than others. Unfortunately, sourire is not one of the easy ones. Thats because its an irregular verb and it does not follow any common rules. However, a verb such as rire (to laugh) does share the same endings. If you study smiling and laughing at the same time, both will be just that much easier to remember. Who knows, you might even have a little fun! The first step in any French verb conjugation is to identify the verb stem (or radical). In this case, that is  sour-. With that, you can use the table to find the correct ending to use. Simply find the subject pronoun needed and choose either the present, future, or imperfect past tense. For example,  I am smiling is  je souris  and we smiled is  nous souriions. Present Future Imperfect je souris sourirai souriais tu souris souriras souriais il sourit sourira souriait nous sourions sourirons souriions vous souriez sourirez souriiez ils sourient souriront souriaient The Present Participle of  Sourire Beyond the verb usage, the present participle of sourire can be used as an adjective or noun. Its easy to form as well. Simply add - iant to the radical and you have souriant Sourire  in the Compound Past Tense The passà © composà © is a compound past tense and its used frequently in French. In order to construct it, you will conjugate avoir into the present tense and follow it with the past participle souri. That gives you jai souri for I smiled and nous avons souri for we smiled. More Simple Conjugations of  Sourire If you need to question to the act of smiling,  the subjunctive verb mood  can be used. When the act is dependent on something,  the conditional  is useful.  The passà © simple  and  imperfect subjunctive  are both literary forms, so youll find those most often in written French. Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je sourie sourirais souris sourisse tu souries sourirais souris sourisses il sourie sourirait sourit sourà ®t nous souriions souririons sourà ®mes sourissions vous souriiez souririez sourà ®tes sourissiez ils sourient souriraient sourirent sourissent The imperative  is the one time when its acceptable to skip the subject pronoun. Its useful for short sentences, such as commanding someone to Smile!   Imperative (tu) souris (nous) sourions (vous) souriez